Sunday, January 21, 2007

Important Newspapers: 1830's-1860's



The New York Sun

The New York Sun began publication on September 3, 1833. It acquired the slogan "It shines for all", and was edited by Benjamin Day. It merged with The New York World-Telegram to form the New York World- Telegram and Sun on January 4, 1950. It became famous for the "Great Moon Hoax" of 1835 in which stories were printed attributing John Herschel , astronomer, of finding life on the moon. These false discoveries included findings of extraordinary animals such as goats, unicorns, and bat-like winged humanoids who built temples among the vast oceans and trees on the moon. The New York City editor for the Sun, John B. Bogart stated the famous line "When a dog bites a man, that is not news, because it happens so often. But if a man bites a dog, that is news." For more information, visit here.






The New York Herald


The New York Herald ran from May 6, 1835 to 1924 and was a strong supporter of the Democratic Party during the Civil War. It was published by James Gordon Bennett Sr. The paper financially backed Henry Morton Stanley's trip to Africa in search of David Livingston and George W. Delong's expedition to the Arctic region. It merged with its rival paper, "The Tribune" in 1924 to form "The New York Herald Tribune". While it was still under the authority of Bennett, it held the leading circulation in its time before the "The New York Herald Tribune" was sold to John Hay Whitney in 1959. The paper ceased publication in 1966 and is now owned completely by the "The New York Times". For more information, visit here.












The New York Tribune






The New York Tribune was established by Horace Greeley in 1841. While sensationalism was the main point of other papers at the time such as the Sun and the Herald, Greeley had hoped to create a straightforward and trustworthy newspaper. The Tribune was a Radical Republican newspaper during the Civil War and the slogan "On to Richmond" actually pressed Irwin McDowell (the Union General) to advance to Richmond, despite that his army was not ready. The decision resulted in a crushing defeat at the First Battle of Manassas on July 21, 1861. The owner of the Herald, Whitelaw Reid, took control of the Tribune following Greeleys defeat for the presidency in 1872. The paper formed "The New York Herald Tribune" under Reid's son Ogden, who continued to run it until his death in 1947. For more information, visit here.



The New York Times

The New York Times was founded September 18, 1851 by Henry Jarvis Raymond and George Jones. Holding the slogan, "All the news that's fit to print", it ran a series of articles exposing a corrupted American politician and head of Tammany Hall, Boss Tweed in 1871. After printing a headline "A Doubtful Election" about Samuel Tilden's victory over Rutherford B. Hayes in the 1876 Presidential election, an electoral commission and Congress decided months later that Hayes was the winner. In 1884, it made the transition from being a Republican based paper to being a politically independent paper. In 1904, it moved its headquarters to 42nd Street, where it gave its name to Times Square. The New York Times was the first to recieve immediate wireless transmission from a naval battle, which reported the destruction of the Russian Fleet during the Russo-Japanese War. The Times has won 94 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper in history. For more information, visit here.